Long-Term (2003–2019) Air Quality, Climate Variables, and Human Health Consequences in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract Long-term trends in air quality by studying the criteria pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, CO, O3, NO2, and SO2) and climate variables (temperature, surface pressure, and relative humidity) were depicted in this study. The seventeen years (2003-2019) average values of PM2.5, PM10, CO, O3, NO2, and SO2 were 88.69 ± 9.76 µg/m3, 124.57 ± 12.75 µg/m3, 0.69 ± 0.06 ppm, 51.42 ± 1.82 ppb, 14.87 ± 2.45 ppb, and 8.76 ± 2.07 ppb, respectively. The trends among the ambient pollutants were increasingly significant (p 1) in chronic exposure for infants and children. Children are identified as the worst sufferers among the age groups which points to low breathing levels and high exposure to traffic pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh.