Wave field separation principle based denoising method for increasing signal to noise ratio of seismic data

The invention provides a denoising method for increasing the signal to noise ratio of seismic data, and belongs to the field of geophysical prospecting for petroleum. The data partitioning technique and the wave field separation technique are combined to suppress stochastic noise so as to increase the signal to noise ratio of seismic data. The method includes: partitioning the seismic data, subjecting each data block to complex field SVD (singular value decomposition) filtering, using the wave field separation technique for decomposition of characteristic values, using optimized characteristic values for data reconstruction, and replacing original frequency slices to realize suppression of the stochastic noise. Compared with the conventional SVD technique which assumes horizontal lineups, the method has the advantages that any relative time difference correction for the lineups is not needed, and denoising effects are stable. By means of the partitioning technique, unsteady state of inclination angle variation in actual seismic data can be overcome effectively, and time occupied by SVD and reconstruction is greatly shortened.