Migration and Occupational Changes during Periods of Economic Transition: Women and Men in Vietnam

This Population Studies and Training Center paper examined the impact of migration on gender differences in occupational mobility after economic reform introduction. In a survey conducted in 1997 data from six Vietnamese provinces served as a basis for comparison of experiences among permanent temporary and non-migrants. Using Jacobs conceptual framework migration was noted to reduce gender differences in occupational status though increase of women participation in the traditional male occupations. Although males still enjoy relative advantage in occupational mobility over women particularly among permanent migrants. The use of logistic regression equations which predicts the likelihood of upward mobility shows significant differences by gender and migration status. The two major differences observed were the more plausible upward mobility of permanent male migrants before the economic reform and the limited possibility for upward mobility among women during the same period. Temporary migrants particularly males were observed to have the highest rate of upward mobility. These findings suggest that freedom of movement and ability in engaging in private enterprise was not able to successfully promote upward occupational mobility among females. In conclusion this paper confirms that the existing occupational patterns still reflect the effects of the planned economy and cultural expectations on the roles of women.