Update on the imaging sensor for GIFTS

Remote temperature sounding from the vantage point of Earth Orbit improves our weather forecasting, monitoring and analysis capability. Recent advances in the infrared hyperspectral sensor technology promise to improve the spatial and temperature resolution, while offering relatively quick re-look times to witness atmospheric dynamics. One approach takes advantage of a two-dimensional, imaging Fourier transform spectrometer to obtain a data cube with the field of view along one plane and multiple IR spectra (one for every FPA pixel) along the orthogonal axis. Only the pixel pitch in the imaging focal plane and the optics used to collect the data limit the spatial resolution. The maximum optical path difference in the Michelson FTS defines the spectral resolution and dictates the number of path-length interferogram samples (FPA frames required per cube). This paper discusses the unique challenges placed on the focal plane by the Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) approach and how advanced focal plane technology is applied to satisfy these challenges. The instrument requires a midwave spectral band from 4.4 to 6.1m to capture the C02 and H20 absorption bands, and an optional VLWIR spectral band to cover from 8.85-14.6m. The paper presents performance data of Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) fabricated HgCdTe detectors and design details of the advanced readout integrated circuit necessary to meet the demanding requirements of the imaging sensor for the GIFTS instrument. Point defects are removed by using a unique super-pixel approach to improve operability for the VLWIR focal plane. Finally, early focal plane performance measurements are reported, including Noise Equivalent Input, responsivity uniformity, output offset stability and 1/f noise knee.