Vaccinomics: a future avenue for vaccine development against emerging pathogens.

Introduction Vaccines are a major achievement in medical sciences, but the development of more effective vaccines against infectious diseases is essential for prevention and control of emerging pathogens worldwide. The application of omics technologies has advanced vaccinology through the characterization of host-vector-pathogen molecular interactions and the identification of candidate protective antigens. However, major challenges such as host immunity, pathogen and environmental factors and vaccine efficacy and safety need to be addressed. Vaccinomics provides a platform to address these challenges and improve vaccine efficacy and safety. Areas covered In this review we summarized current information on vaccinomics and proposed quantum vaccinomics approaches to further advance vaccine development through the identification and combination of antigen protective epitopes, the immunological quantum. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an example of emerging infectious diseases with global impact on human health. Expert opinion Vaccines are required for the effective and environmentally sustainable intervention for the control of emerging infectious diseases worldwide. Recent advances in vaccinomics provides a platform to address challenges to improve vaccine efficacy and implementation. As proposed here, quantum vaccinomics will contribute to vaccine development, efficacy and safety by facilitating antigen combinations to target pathogen infection and transmission in emerging infectious diseases.