High-energy beam additive manufacturing method and equipment with high powder raw material utilization rate

The invention discloses a high-energy beam additive manufacturing method and equipment with high powder raw material utilization rate. The method comprises the following step of according to the outline shape of a to-be-molded metal component slice, determining the internal structure of a molding cylinder, wherein metal powder of each powder paving layer is only positioned in an area corresponding to the outline shape of the to-be-molded metal component slice, so that the using amount of the metal powder is greatly reduced, and the function and effect of manufacturing the high-energy beam increasing material is improved. The equipment comprises one or more molding cylinders, wherein the internal structures of the molding cylinders are matched with the outline shape of the to-be-molded metal component slice. Due to the fact that an insert and a special-shaped substrate which adapts to the outline shape of the metal component slice are used, rebuilding of the molding cylinders for different metal component structure characteristics is realized, and the defect that redundant powder is too much in the traditional high-energy beam increasing material manufacturing process is successfully avoided. High-quality and High-effective molding of various metal components with complex structures and different sizes can be finished under the condition of high powder utilization rate.