Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and -2α in whole-mount prostate histology: Relation with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and Gleason score

The aim of this study was to investigate the asso- ciation between the immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters K trans and kep in prostate cancer. Therefore, 15 patients with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer underwent a pre-operative 3T DCE-MRI scan. Immunohistochemical analysis of HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and of CD31 for microvessel density (MVD) was performed. Tumor areas were delineated on whole-mount histopathological sections. Nuclear HIF expres- sion was correlated with the quantitative DCE-MRI parameters K trans and kep, MVD and Gleason score. HIF expression was highly heterogeneous within tumors and between patients. Pronounced expression of HIF-2α was present, while HIF-1α expression was more limited. Larger tumors showed higher HIF-2α expression (P=0.041). A correlation between HIF-2α and K trans p5 th was found (r=0.30, P=0.02), but no differences in K trans , kep and MVD were observed for different levels of HIF expression. HIF expression was not associated with Gleason score. In conclusion, in this whole-mount prostate cancer study, larger prostate tumors showed frequently high HIF-2α expression, suggesting that larger tumors are clinically most relevant. However, HIF-1α and HIF-2α were not correlated with DCE-MRI parameters. Given the pronounced expression of HIF-2α and independence of Gleason score, HIF expression may function as a biomarker to guide boost dose prescription.