Insights into the Rhizospheric Microbes and Their Application for Sustainable Agriculture

The rhizosphere soil of plant consists of diverse microorganisms. The study of plant-microbe interactions is necessary for plant health and promotion. The rhizosphere microbes not only provide important nutrients to plants but also prevent the growth of harmful pathogenic microbes. The processes that occur in biome include quorum sensing, nitrogen fixation, nutrients solubilization, volatiles, mobilization, and immobilization of nutrients. The plant allures microbes according to their requirements by releasing certain chemical compounds needed for microbes. In case of any pathogen attack, they recruit microbes to suppress pathogens. Some of the evidences revealed that the recruitment of microbes in rhizosphere shows effects on plant at physiological and molecular level. This increases the possibility that the soil microbiota can stimulate the ability of plant to tackle different biotic and abiotic stresses. In this chapter, we will discuss various mechanisms by which the microbial communities work for plants and how the plants recruit them for their development in detail. Altering the microbial population in the rhizosphere either by removing or adding new species can modify the plant and rhizosphere microbiome. The rhizosphere microbes used in making of agricultural products like biopesticides and biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture practices. The plant-microbe interaction can be further studied with the help of bioinformatics, molecular, and modeling tools.