Morphometric analysis of maxillofacial bone in 48 patients with ectodermal dysplasia

PURPOSE: The study was performed to analyze the maxillofacial morphology of 48 patients with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) and to provide some reference for implant treatment of ED patients. METHODS: The study collected the clinical data and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 48 patients with ED treated between June 2013 and October 2016. The patients were grouped as follows: group 1, 23 patients, at least with two kinds of ectodermal disorder, besides hypodontia; group 2, 25 patients, only with one kind of ectodermal disorder, besides hypodontia. The number of missing teeth and maxillofacial cephalometric parameters were compared between 2 groups. SPSS 17.0 software package was performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The number of missing teeth was significantly larger in group 1(22.3±5.8) than group 2 (12±6.6) (P<0.05). The number of retained deciduous teeth was significantly larger in group 1 (8±4) than in group 2 (2.4±2.7) in females (P<0.05). Cephalometric analysis showed a reduced maxilla length (ANS-Ptm), retrusive maxilla (S-Ptm, SNA, NA-PA), a normal size (S-Co) and length (Co-Po) of mandible, a protruding mandible (NP-FH) and chin (Y axis), skeletal Angle Ⅲ malocclusion(ANB<0) and a reduced facial height (N-Me) in two groups. SNA, NA-PA, ANS-Ptm, S-Ptm and Y axis were significantly decreased and NP-FH was significantly increased in group 1 compared to group 2 in males (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Maxillofacial morphology of ED patients typically presented a reduced maxilla length and retrusive maxilla, a normal size and length of mandible, a protruding mandible and chin, skeletal Angle Ⅲ malocclusion and a reduced facial height. The severity of abnormalities in maxillofacial bone morphology was correlated positively with absence of permanent teeth. Furthermore, retained deciduous teeth might have positive effect on the development of maxillofacial bone.