Moroccan Fig Presents Specific Genetic Resources: a High Potential of Local Selection

Abstract Molecular characterisation of Moroccan fig germplasm mainly originated from northern areas showed that cultivars are highly local. The few widespread denominations correspond to several distinct genotypes. The lack of widespread homogenous cultivars suggests a local fig selection process and hence local domestication. Were fig natural populations present in the region before domestication? Mitochondrial DNA RFLP data showed that Mediterranean fig populations are structured into three groups: Balearic, West and East Mediterranean. The low genetic diversity and the strong differentiation of Balearic populations support the ancient origin hypothesis and the presence of natural populations in the western Mediterranean region before domestication. Analysis of western populations using nuclear SSR loci showed genetic structuring at the regional scale (South France, Corsica, Balearic islands and northern Morocco) but also at the local scale (Tetouan – Beni Hassan and Akchour – Mokrisset). This study indicates that Moroccan fig populations may constitute indigenous gene pools for fig cultivar selection. Clonal diversity, ancient cultivation, indigenous gene pool and genetic structuring at a local scale suggest a high potential for local selection of cultivars. INTRODUCTION