Potential Endocrine Disrupting Substances from Materials in Contact with Drinking Water

At present, there is much interest in the potential effects of chemicals on the endocrine systems in animals and man. Chemicals with endocrine-disrupting potential include (a) various phthalates, (b) compounds based on bisphenol A and F, (c) compounds based on alkyl phenols, and (d) the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole. However, the potency of these chemicals in comparison with natural hormones appears to be very low. Although there is some evidence for activity in animals, high doses are usually necessary, and there is controversy and uncertainty in the interpretation of some positive findings. In addition to consideration of potential hazards, the level of exposure through leaching of these chemicals into drinking water is an important component of risk assessment. The present approval processes ensure that such exposure is very low. The paper suggests a strategy for the future continued assurance of an adequate safety margin for human exposure to such substances through drinking water.