The role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in autoimmune disorders: Friend or Foe?

Abstract Autoimmune diseases (ADs), which are common immune-mediated inflammatory syndromes, are characterized by an imbalance between T effector (Th)1/Th17 cells and T regulatory cells. Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 family, induces inflammatory disease development by mediating type 2 immune responses. Recently, IL-33/ST2 axis was reported to induce autoimmunity involving Th1 and Th17 cells. In this review, we focus on the expression, regulation and function of IL-33/ST2 pathway in the context of autoimmune disorders. We discuss the clinical potential of this signaling pathway in predicting disease activity and severity and offer possible future therapeutic alternatives.