Composite and sequential lymphoma between classical Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal lymphoma/diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, a clinico‐pathological series of 25 cases

Composite and sequential lymphomas involving both classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) are rare phenomena. Beyond the relevant biological interest raised by these cases, treatments and outcome data are poorly covered in the recent literature. This retrospective analysis describes the pathological and clinical characteristics of 10 composite and 15 sequential cases included after a central pathological review. At diagnosis, 70% of the composite lymphomas presented a disseminated and extranodal disease. Among the 15 sequential lymphomas, 12 were CHL at first occurrence and three were PMBCL. Based on their clinical evolution, these sequential lymphomas could be divided into early (i.e., diagnosis of second lymphoma within a year) and late [(i.e., a second lymphoma occurrence occurring after a long period of complete remission]). All composite cases were alive in complete remission after a median follow-up of 34 months. If the early sequential lymphoma presented a particularly poor outcome with a median overall survival shorter than one year, the late cases were efficiently salvaged. Further molecular studies are needed to describe the underlying biology of these rare diseases, possibly representing the extreme of tumour cell plasticity found in grey-zone lymphoma.