On the processes in the terrestrial magnetosheath 1. Scheme development

We propose a new method to study the structure of the magnetosheath and thereby determine the underlying processes that create this structure. This method provides a systematic means of separating perturbations due to the solar wind variations from those generated within the magnetosheath. As a result, we are able to study the magnetosheath processes as well as the dynamic solar wind-magnetopause interaction. We use the solar wind measurements from an upstream monitor as the input to the gasdynamic convected field model and then compare the model output with the in situ magnetosheath observations. We introduce three parameters to scale the model prediction to match the timings of the magnetopause crossing, bow shock crossing, and upstream variations. With this procedure the relationship between the upstream measurements and the magnetosheath observations and the location of the magnetosheath satellite relative to the magnetopause and bow shock boundaries are highly constrained. We then introduce a series of normalization procedures that provide the means to remove the effects of the solar wind variations. The systematic differences between the model prediction and observation indicate physical processes that are not included in the gasdynamic model. An application of this approach is presented in a companion paper.