Review on the Relationship of Climate Change and Prevalence of Animal Diseases

Climate change is a subset of the larger set of ecosystem change that is promoting the emergence and re emergence of animal diseases. It affects livestock health through several pathways. These includes effects on pathogens, such as higher temperatures affecting the rate of development of pathogens or parasites; effects on hosts, such as shifts in disease distribution that may affect susceptible animal populations; effects on vectors, such as changes in rainfall and temperature regimes that can affect both the distribution and the abundance of disease vectors; and effects on epidemiology, like altered transmission rates between hosts, food safety and animal production. Furthermore, Climate change influences the emergence and proliferation of disease hosts or vectors and pathogens and their breeding, development and disease transmission. Consequently, it affects distributions, host–parasite relationships and its assemblages to new areas. Indirectly the climate change can affect quantity and quality of fodder crops, animal production, severity and distribution of diseases in both domestic and wild animal that result in their migrations. Most developing countries are highly vulnerable to this climatic impact. From this developing countries Ethiopia is the one that faces recurrent drought due to climate change in its different parts that ends in economic crises. Even though this climatic change causes different economic impacts in the country, a few researches were conducted on it. Now climate models suggest that Ethiopia will see a further warming of between 0.7°C and 2.3°C by the 2020s and between 1.4°C and 2.9°C by the 2050s. So that, it is important to create awareness for the society how climatic change can occurred and result in prevalence of infectious animal disease that end up with economic crises of the country.