Average annual cost of Parkinson’s disease in São Paulo, Brazil, with a focus on disease-related motor symptoms

Background: Although Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide, its cost in Brazil - South America's largest country - is unknown. Objective: The goal of this study was to calculate the average annual cost of Parkinson's disease in the city of Sao Paulo (Brazil), with a focus on disease-related motor symptoms. Subjects and methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis using a bottom-up approach (ie, from the society's perspective). Patients (N=260) at two tertiary public health centers, who were residents of the Sao Paulo metropolitan area, completed standardized questionnaires regarding their disease-related expenses. We used simple and multiple generalized linear models to assess the correlations between total cost and patient-related, as well as disease-related variables. Results: The total average annual cost of Parkinson's disease was estimated at US$5,853.50 per person, including US$3,172.00 in direct costs (medical and nonmedical) and US$2,681.50 in indirect costs. Costs were directly correlated with disease severity (including the degree of motor symptoms), patients' age, and time since disease onset. Conclusion: In this study, we determined the cost of Parkinson's disease in Brazil and observed that disease-related motor symptoms are a significant component of the costs incurred on the public health system, patients, and society in general.