Participation in emergency preparedness and response: a national survey of pharmacists and pharmacist extenders

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the critical role of pharmacists in pandemic response. To enhance pharmacist’s involvement in future emergency situations, there is a critical need to understand pharmacists’ knowledge, willingness and preparedness in response to various emergency situations. Objective This study aimed to describe pharmacists and pharmacist extenders on their participation in emergency response activities and training, preparedness and willingness to respond in emergency situations, and knowledge of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and their pharmacy’s emergency preparedness plans. Methods A cross-sectional design with an online survey of pharmacist, pharmacy owner, and pharmacy technician members of the National Community Pharmacists Association was employed in the United States in July – August 2020. Descriptive statistics summarized participants’ level of actual participation and their willingness to participate in emergency situations and training and their knowledge of MOU and their pharmacy’s emergency plans. A non-response bias investigation was conducted by comparing the early and late responders. Results Of the 6,486 members, 255 completed the questionnaire (RR1 = 4.0%). With the confidence level of 95%, the margin of error was 6%. About 60% were independently owned and in urban areas. More than 80% and 64% of the participants have not volunteered in any emergency or participated in any emergency training program, respectively. Over 60% were very willing to assist with the distribution of medications and vaccine administration. Less than 10% had MOUs with health departments. More than 60% of respondents were not aware of what MOU is. Conclusion Despite limited involvement in actual emergency activities and training, pharmacists and pharmacist extenders exhibited a high level of willingness to participate in emergency training and assist in case of emergencies. This study recommends the development of programs aimed at increasing pharmacists’ and pharmacist extenders’ participation in emergency training and in future public health emergencies.