Home monitoring of motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease patients

In Parkinson’s disease, motor fluctuations (worsening of tremor, bradykinesia, freezing of gait, postural instability) affect up to 70% of patients within 9 years of \(\textsc {l}\)-dopa therapy. Nevertheless, the assessment of motor fluctuations is difficult in a medical office, and is commonly based on poorly reliable self-reports. Hence, the use of wearable sensors is desirable. In this preliminary trial, we have investigated bradykinesia and freezing of gait—FOG—symptoms by means of inertial measurement units. To this purpose, we have employed a single smartphone on the patient’s waist for FOG experiment (38 patients), and on patient thigh for LA (93 subjects). Given the sound performance achieved in this trial (AUC = 0.97 for FOG and AUC = 0.92 for LA), motor fluctuations may be estimated in domestic environments. To this end, we plan to perform measures and data processing on SensorTile, a tiny IoT module including several sensors, a microcontroller, a BlueTooth low-energy interface and microSD card, implementing an electronic diary of motor fluctuations, posture and dyskinesia during activity of daily living.