Worldwide prevalence of smoking cessation in schizophrenia patients: a meta-analysis of comparative and observational studies

Abstract Although the rate of cigarette smoking is high in schizophrenia patients, the prevalence of smoking cessation in this group is reportedly low. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the prevalence of cessation among schizophrenia patients worldwide. A systematic literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of science was performed from their inception date until 15 November 2018. Studies that reported prevalence of smoking cessation were synthesized using a random-effects model. Fourteen studies were included. The pooled prevalence of smoking cessation among schizophrenia patients was 14.0% (95% CI: 9.2-18.8%; I2 = 97.3%). Compared with schizophrenia patients, both healthy controls (OR = 0.45, 95% CI:0.38-0.54, p