Endobiliary radiofrequency ablation combined with bilateral metal stent placement for malignant hilar biliary obstruction.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of endobiliary radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is still uncertain, especially in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). We examined the efficacy of endobiliary RFA followed by bilateral self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement for unresectable MHBO. METHODS: 41 patients met the eligibility criteria for study inclusion. We evaluated the technical success, functional success, and recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) associated with RFA with bilateral SEMS placement. RESULTS: The technical and functional success rates were both 95.1 % (39/41). The RBO rate was 38.5 % (15/39), and the median time to RBO was 230 days. Stricture length was positively correlated with time to RBO in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.03). The median time to RBO was significantly longer in patients with strictures > 15 mm in length than in those with strictures