Integration of 3D Printing Technology in Pharmaceutical Compounding: Progress, Prospects, and Challenges

Abstract A significant limitation of current medication development and usage is the reliance on the 'one-size-fits-all' approach. 3D printing technology is an innovative strategy for customizing medication design and preparation. In this review, we highlighted the potential of 3D printing of medications as an effective strategy to achieve personalized precision medicines. Particular attention was paid to possible integration of 3D printing technology in pharmaceutical compounding process to improve flexibility, efficiency, safety, quality, trust, and utility. Significant barriers to overcome include: (i) insufficient training on 3D printing compounding and regulation requirements, (ii) limited choices of 3D printers and approved excipients that are amenable to routine pharmacy operations, and (iii) lack of efficient medication verification techniques to ascertain that the intended medication qualities and characteristics are achieved through 3D printing customization.