A Systematic Review of the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Adults with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) may be an underlying factor in some cases of refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, clinical management of this condition is not well defined. This systematic review examines the available evidence for the diagnosis and management of CRS in adults with PCD. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane database were queried for studies pertinent to treatment of PCD in adults. Two investigators performed eligibility assessment for inclusion or exclusion in a standardized manner. Results: Of the 278 articles identified, six studies met the criteria for analysis. These studies had a predominately low level of evidence. Medical therapy included oral antibiotics and nasal saline rinses. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was described in three of six studies. Outcomes measures were limited and included non-validated questionnaires, subjective reporting of CRS symptoms, and decreased preciptins against pseudomonas following ESS. Recommendation for a standardized therapeutic strategy was not possible with the available literature. Conclusion: A paucity of evidence is available to guide the treatment of PCD in the adult population. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal diagnostic and management strategy for this condition.