ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПОЛІМЕРАЗНОЇ ЛАНЦЮГОВОЇ РЕАКЦІЇ В ЛАБОРАТОРНІЙ ДІАГНОСТИЦІ ЛЕПТОСПІРОЗУ

Introduction. Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread natural focal zooantropological infections of wild, domestic animals and humans, which characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations. This is widespread in the world and remains up to date a topical epizootiological, epidemiological, ecological challenge. The diagnostics of leptospirosis should be comprehensive but decisive importance has laboratory diagnostics. Thus, the only well-organized laboratory diagnostics enables timely diagnosis Leptospira infection, planning and take effective anti-epizootiological and anti-epidemiological measures. The goal of the work. To analyze current data of literature sources, reviews of aspects about using polymerase chain reaction as one of the most effective methods for laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis. Materials and methods. Meta-analysis was performed on the basis of published data on leptospirosis research, dissertation abstracts, scientific articles and monographs and electronic resources. Results of research and discussion. Modern leptospirosis laboratory diagnosis is based on complex of microbiological, immunological and molecular biological methods. They used in combinations depending on the phase of disease and diagnostic capabilities of laboratories. The main challenge facing using methods of molecular genetic diagnosis is early and timely diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction is one of the most accurate and rapid methods of molecular genetic diagnosis of many infectious diseases. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The analysis of scientific literature showed a variety of developed classical and modern methods of leptospirosis laboratory diagnosis. Currently, the most effective method for the diagnosis of leptospirosis is the using polymerase chain reaction, thanks to features such as ease of setting, high sensitivity and reproducibility, the PCR became widespread in laboratory diagnosis of veterinary medicine. For best results necessary to improve the diagnosis of leptospirosis laboratory techniques currently available. Special attention should be paid to the PCR method, because it allows for large-scale analysis of hundreds or thousands samples in a short period of time. The quantity of the test material can be meager. PCR analysis is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity for high diagnostic efficacy in the first week of the disease (beginning with the 1st day), even against the background of antibiotic therapy. In connection with this method of PCR can be recommended as a method of early rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis. The diagnostic efficiency of laboratory tests with leptospirosis can be greatly enhanced through the parallel use of the serological test (PMA) and PCR regardless of the phase of the disease. Methods based on PCR is necessary to improve and expand their range of application.