Impacts of land use conversion on the response of soil respiration to precipitation in drylands: A case study with four-yearlong observations

Abstract Soil respiration (Rs) in drylands is strongly influenced by precipitation. However, there is a lack of long-term studies on how land-use conversion impact the Rs's responds to precipitation variations. In situ Rs, soil moisture and soil temperature were monitored in cropland, and cropland converted jujube orchard, grassland and shrubland in the semiarid Loess Plateau, China for four years with significant interannual precipitation variation. Q10-soil moisture relationships were quantified by selecting observations within limited range of soil moisture. As soil moisture increased, Rs was found to be markedly suppressed in cropland and jujube orchard with great disturbance, with volumetric water content exceeding 0.15 and 0.16, respectively, but increased in grassland and shrubland with few disturbances. Q10 became saturated as soil moisture increased in cropland, and was linearly correlated with soil moisture in jujube orchard, grassland and shrubland. Q10 was least sensitive to soil moisture variation in shrubland, which was characterized by a nitrogen-fixing shrub. The interannual variation in mean growing season Rs (MGR) was positively correlated with mean soil moisture. The difference in MGR between land-use types was significant except during the extreme drought year: converting cropland to jujube orchard saw a reduction in MGR by 5–18%, while converting cropland to grassland and shrubland saw an increase in MGR by 16–53% and 67–126%, respectively. This corresponded with a greater sensitivity of MGR to soil moisture in grassland and shrubland. These results suggest a greater response of soil carbon emission in the land-use applied with afforestation or restoration to the enhanced soil moisture as precipitation intensify, compared to agricultural land-use.