Modelling Volatility Cycles: the (MF)^2 GARCH Model

We suggest a multiplicative factor multi frequency component GARCH model which exploits the empirical fact that the daily standardized forecast errors of standard GARCH models behave counter-cyclical when averaged at a lower frequency. For the new model, we derive the unconditional variance of the returns, the news impact function and multi-step-ahead volatility forecasts. We apply the model to the S&P 500, the FTSE 100 and the Hang Seng Index. We show that the long-term component of stock market volatility is driven by news about the macroeconomic outlook and monetary policy as well as policy-related news. The new component model significantly outperforms the nested one-component (GJR) GARCH and several HAR-type models in terms of out-of-sample forecasting.