Inmovilización una mirada a los métodos, soportes y retos.

Enzymatic immobilization can be used in a wide range of processes. During the last few years, varieties of techniques for immobilization have been implemented, increasing its operational efficiency and its higher use.  Nowadays, immobilized enzymes are preferred over free enzymes, since their availability and yields per work cycles are superior, hence, operating costs happen to be reduced in industrial sectors. The applications are mainly focused on sugar industry, biotechnology, bioremediation of waters and soils, among others. Immobilized enzymes have also demonstrated significant application in drug metabolism, biodiesel and antibiotic production, and food industry. The widespread use of immobilized enzymes is largely due to the fact that they are cheaper, more environmentally friendly, and much easier to use compared to equivalent technologies.This study is a review of the extensive variety of existing papers on the different supports for the immobilization of enzymes, their main characteristics and uses, as well as the immobilization processes that can be affected by the type and characteristics of the support materials.