Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance-Guided Electrophysiological Interventions: Radiofrequency Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance–guided electrophysiological ablation of typical atrial flutter was performed in 5 patients using a fully magnetic resonance-compatible mapping and ablation catheter (Vision-MR; Imricor) on a 1.5-Tesla cardiovascular magnetic resonance system (Ingenia; Philips; Figure 1). All patients were under continuous physiological monitoring (including surface vector and intracardiac electrograms, pulse oximetry, and invasive blood pressure measurements) during intravenous propofol sedation. For interventional guidance, a 3-dimensional (3D), navigator-gated whole-heart sequence (steady-state–free precession) was acquired, and a 3D surface mesh model of all cardiac cavities was reconstructed with a fully automatic segmentation algorithm (Figure 2). Active catheter tracking and real-time passive …