2D-Photonic Crystal Based Bowtie Nano Antenna Designing with Spherical Gold Particles for Terahertz Applications

Recent developments in manufacturing and integration technology have led to THz science and technology expansion. Terahertz technology includes a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum from about 10 to 10,000 GHz. Here, a bowtie antenna on a dielectric substrate is presented, which uses gold spherical particles to provide a square 2D-photonic crystal array in the dielectric substrate that can show electromagnetic band gap. The antenna can operate as an appropriate alternative to conventional microstrip antennas. A new method for increasing the bandwidth of the antenna in the Terahertz range has also been proposed. The use of microstrip antennas causes limitations due to the leakage waves beneath the substrate. Thus, by using the square photonic crystal in the dielectric substrate, the efficiency of the antenna is ameliorated as it is evident with improved recurrence losses, gain, and orientation. The designed antenna embraces a bandwidth from 0.5 THz to 4.5 THz, which also is expandable.