Study on the effectiveness of toborinone (OPC-18790) in the treatment of heart failure in patients following cardiac surgery

Toborinone ((±)-6-[3-(3,4-dimethoxybenizylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxyl]-2(1H)-quinolinone, CAS 128667-95-8, OPC-18790), a novel cardiotonic agent with an inhibitory action on phosphodiesterase, is known to have a potent positive inotropic action with no positive chronotropic effect. The effectiveness of this drug in the treatment of heart failure occurring immediately after extracorporeal circulation (ECC) in cardiac surgery was investigated. The study was conducted in 12 patients with valvular heart disease showing a cardiac index (CI) of below 2.8 and/or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) or pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (PAD) of above 8 mmHg immediately after extracorporeal circulation. In group A (n = 6) toborinone was infused at a rate of 40 for the first 5 min and then at 10 for 85 min. In group B (n = 6), the drug was infused at a rate of 10 l&kg/min for the entire 90 min. CI, mean systemic arterial pressure (mSAP), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), CVP, PCWP, and heart rate were measured at 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after the start of infusion. The infusion volume required to maintain a constant PCWP was also estimated. In group A, CI increased rapidly and significantly from the baseline of 2.48 ± 0.23 to 3.57 ± 1.07 at 5 min after the start of infusion, and at that time mSAP was slightly decreased. In group B, CI increased gradually from the baseline of 2.53± 0.18 to 3.08 ± 0.34 l/ at 15 min after the start of infusion, but almost no change was seen in mSAP. During the first 30 min, group A required a significantly larger infusion volume (983 ± 395 ml) than group B (475 ± 184 ml). From 30 to 90 min after the start of infusion, CI remained increased to similar levels in both groups and mSAP levels were also similar. There were no significant differences between the two groups in any other parameter. Continuous infusion of toborinone appears to be effective for treating heart failure occurring immediately after ECC in cardiac surgery. Initial loading at a rate of 40 rapidly increased CI but was accompanied by mild hypotension. Constant infusion at 10 brought about a more gradual effect that was similar to that of loading at 40 but without inducing hypotension. Thus, infusion at 10 pg/kg/min is considered preferable in order to avoid a larger-than-necessary infusion volume.