Particle-hole pairs and density–density correlations in the Lieb–Liniger model

We review the recently introduced thermodynamic form factors for pairs of particle-hole excitations on finite-entropy states in the Lieb-Liniger model. We focus on the density operator and we show how the form factors can be used for analytic computations of dynamical correlation functions. We derive a new representation for the form factors and we discuss some aspects of their structure. We rigorously show that in the small momentum limit (or equivalently, on hydrodynamic scales) a single particle-hole excitation fully saturates the spectral sum and we also discuss the contribution from two particle-hole pairs. Finally we show that thermodynamic form factors can be also used to study the ground state correlations and to derive the edge exponents.