Dirigent proteins in plants: modulating cell wall metabolism during abiotic and biotic stress exposure
2017
Dirigent (DIR) proteins were found to mediate regio- and
stereoselectivity of bimolecular phenoxy radical coupling
during lignan biosynthesis. Here we summarize the current
knowledge of the importance of DIR proteins in lignan and
lignin biosynthesis and highlight their possible importance in
plant development. We focus on the still rather enigmatic
Arabidopsis DIR gene family, discussing the few members with
known functional importance. We comment on recent discoveries
describing the detailed structure of two DIR proteins with
implications in the mechanism of DIR-mediated catalysis.
Further, we summarize the ample evidence for stress-induced
dirigent gene expression, suggesting the role of DIRs in
adaptive responses. In the second part of our work, we present
a preliminary bioinformatics-based characterization of the
AtDIR family. The phylogenetic analysis of AtDIRs complemented
by comparison with DIR proteins of mostly known function from
other species allowed us to suggest possible roles for several
members of this family and identify interesting AtDIR targets
for further study. Finally, based on the available metadata and
our in silico analysis of AtDIR promoters, we hypothesize about
the existence of specific transcriptional controls for
individual AtDIR genes and implicate them in various stress
responses, hormonal regulations, and developmental processes.
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