Associations between metabolic biomarkers and localized stage II/III periodontitis in young adults: The CHIEF Oral Health study

AIM To investigate the associations between metabolic risk factors and periodontitis in young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 1123 participants, aged 19-40 years, in Taiwan. Metabolic syndrome components were defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Localized periodontitis was graded to healthy (n = 828) and stage II/III (n = 295) according to the 2017 criteria of the World Workshop. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustment for sex, age, betel nut consumption, and smoking were used to determine the associations. RESULTS Greater waist circumference, serum triglycerides, and serum uric acid were associated with higher localized stage II/III periodontitis risk [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04 (1.02-1.05), 1.004 (1.002-1.006), and 1.10 (1.00-1.21), respectively]. There were no associations for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and blood pressure. There was a non-linear association between fasting glucose and localized stage II/III periodontitis, where the turning point was 105 mg/dl [OR: 0.97 (0.95-0.99) and 1.06 (1.00-1.13) when the levels were <105 and ≥105 mg/dl, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS The risks of localized stage II/III periodontitis vary with metabolic components, in which waist circumference, serum triglycerides, and serum uric acid are the risk factors, whereas plasma glucose shows a non-linear relationship in young adults.