Computer-aided design of electron guns and deflection yokes: A review (Part 2)

— Computer-aided-design (CAD) is now used in many engineering disciplines. CAD in electron optics applied to the design of electron guns and yokes eases and enables new designs. It makes old designs better. The general performance of a design can be anticipated with confidence. Modern CAD techniques allow the designer to predict performance, carry out engineering tradeoffs, and evaluate the sensitivity of different designs to manufacturing tolerances, avoiding lengthy and costly prototypes. Advantages, examples, tools, and an illustration of CAD were presented in Part 1 in 1997 (see Vol. 5, No. 3). The fundamental concepts were also reviewed and the essential physical and mathematical relationships presented. In this Part 2, numerical calculation methods and important algorithms are summarized. These allow beam simulations, which yield spot profiles and raster patterns more easily and more accurately than engineering prototypes, thereby expediting design. Data analysis and display techniques are described together with hardware and software considerations.