Radioimmunotherapy and Apoptotic Induction on Ck19-overexpressing Human Cervical Carcinoma Cells with Re-188-mAbCx-99

Background: The overexpression of Ck19 antigen occurs frequently in human carcinomas. The strategy and mechanism of radioimmunotherapy using Re-188-mAbCx-99 to Ck19 on human cervical carcinoma cells was investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Using mAbCx-99, the overexpression of Ck19 protein in lysates of cell lines and tissues from various patients' cervixes were verified by immunobinding and immunoblot analysis. The therapeutic effect of Re-188-mAbCx-99 on ME180 cells was examined in vitro by cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA fragmentation and internucleosomal levels. Results: A relatively high expression of Ck19 was found in all human cervical carcinoma cell lines (4- to 44-fold) and in tissue lysates (26.8- to 79-fold) from patients (31 out of 34) with cervical, endometrial or ovarian carcinomas compared with that of benign or normal control samples. The growth inhibition of ME180, CC7T and Hela cells were significantly higher (p<0.001) in the Re-188- mAbCx-99-treated (60-80%) than in the Re-188-MOPCIgG1- treated lines (8-18%) after 72-h treatment. After 48 h of treatment with Re-188-mAbCx-99, ME180 cells significantly exhibited DNA fragmentation and morphological features of apoptosis. This effect markedly elevated the expression of p21, p53 and Bcl-xS protein, while the Mcl-1 and Caspase-8 proteins were down-regulated. Conclusion: We suggest that an elevated Ck19 level is associated with disease stage in most patients with cervical cancer. The therapeutic effect of Re-188- mAbCx-99 was verified through apoptosis on targeting the enriched Ck19 protein of carcinoma cells. Cervical carcinoma is a supravaginal disease that is prevalent in many countries. Screening for cervical carcinoma by cervicovaginal cytology indicates that approximately 80% of the current incidence and mortality of this disease occurs in a geographic area of under-served and under-screened women (1). Although several candidate biomarkers have been used to monitor cervical carcinoma