A comparative study of jet formation in nozzle‐ and nozzle‐less centrifugal spinning systems

Centrifugal spinning, a recently developed approach for ultra-fine fiber production, has attracted much attention as compared with the electrospinning, due to its high yield, no solution polarity and high-voltage electrostatic field requirements, etc. In this study, the jet formation process and spinning parameters on jet path are explored and compared in nozzle- and nozzle-less centrifugal spinning systems. For nozzle-less centrifugal spinning, fingers are formed at the front of thin liquid film due to the theory of Rayleigh–Taylor instability. We find that the lower solution concentration and higher rotational speed favor the formation of thinner and longer fingers. Then, the critical angular velocity and initial jet velocity for nozzle-/nozzle-less centrifugal spinning are obtained in accordance with the balance of centrifugal force, viscous force, and surface tension. When jet leaves the spinneret, it will undergo a series of motions including necking and whipping processes, and then, a steady spiral jet path is formed with its radius getting tighter. Finally, we experimentally study the effect of rotational speed and solution concentration on jet path, which shows that the higher rotational speed results in a larger radius of jet path while the solution concentration has little effect on it. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1547–1559