Concentration of vitamins in the 13 feed ingredients commonly used in pig diets

Abstract The concentration of vitamins was determined in 143 samples of 13 feed ingredients commonly used in pig diets. The ingredients included corn and four corn co-products (corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), corn gluten meal, corn germ meal and corn gluten feed), wheat and two wheat co-products (wheat bran and wheat shorts), and five oilseed meals (soybean meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, sunflower seed meal and cottonseed meal). For corn and corn co-products, the content of β-carotene in corn gluten meal (11.10 mg/kg) was much greater than that in corn (1.62 mg/kg) and other corn products (2.16, 0.36 or 0.56 mg/kg, P P P P P