Traumatic thoracic rib cage hernias: Operative management and proposal for a new anatomic-based grading system

Abstract Background Traumatic Rib Cage Hernias (TRCH) requiring operative repair are rare and there is currently no literature to guiding surgical management. Methods Perioperative review of TRCH over 32 years. Five operative grades were developed based on extent of tissue/bone damage, size, and location. Results Twenty-four patients (20 blunt, 4 penetrating) underwent operative repair. Lung was the herniated organ in 88% with a median of 4 rib fractures and average size of 60.25 cm. Types of operation were well clustered by assigned TRCH grade. The majority required mesh (75%) and/or rib plating (79%). Complex tissue flap reconstruction was required in 10%. Full range-of-motion was maintained in 88% with79% returning to pre-injury activity levels. Five patients had continued pain at final follow up (mean = 7months). Conclusion The size and degree of injury has important implications in the optimal surgical management of TRCHs. These operative grades effectively direct surgical care for these rare and complex injuries.