The FOssil Fuel Combustion Waste Leaching (FOWL/trademark/) code: Version 1, User's manual

This document is a technical reference and user's manual for Version 1.12 of the FOssil Fuel Combustion Waste Leaching (FOWL/trademark/) code. Version 1.12 is the first release version of the FOWL/trademark/ code. Currently, the FOWL/trademark/ code contains an interim model for the calculation of quantities, aqueous concentrations, and release durations of selected inorganic elements leached from fossil-fuel combustion residues. Aqueous concentrations in leachates are calculated from mechanistic thermochemical data for Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Mo, S, Si, and Sr. These constituents have been shown experimentally to be controlled by specific solubility-limiting solids contained in fossil fuel wastes. In addition, the code calculates concentrations of As, B, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, Ni, Se, and Zn using empirical relationships derived from experimental observations of aqueous concentrations as a function of pH for fossil-fuel combustion residues. The leaching chemistry calculation is combined with a water-balance calculation to predict leachate quality and quantity as a function of time for a landfill or pond of known geometry. This user's manual describes the development of the geochemical conceptual model included in the FOWL/trademark/ code, the algorithms used to simulate the leaching process, and step-wise instructions for using the code. An example problem and results aremore » also included. 6 refs., 40 figs., 10 tabs.« less