Altered Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation Underlies the Aberrant Expression of Androgen Synthesis Related Genes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

To determine the correlation between deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and gene expression of cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A polypeptide 1 cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily a member 1, anti-Mullerian hormone and anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2, which regulate follicle development and androgen metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome pathogenesis. The levels of cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily a member 1, anti-Mullerian hormone and anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression were evaluated by various techniques in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Estradiol, androstenedione and anti-Mullerian hormone levels were also tested in follicular fluid. In order to quantify the connection between deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and gene expression, we conducted Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analyses. The estradiol level did not alter, however the androstenedione level was increased. Polycystic ovary syndrome granulosa cells were hypermethylated cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily a member 1, but hypomethylated anti- Mullerian hormone and anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2. In general, the greater the amount of deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, the lower the level of downstream messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression. Aromatase enzyme activity is regulated by deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and a hormone called follicular estradiol/androstenedione ratio is linked with it. A prior study reported that anti- Mullerian hormone inhibits aromatase in granulosa cells and therefore the inverse connection between cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily a member 1 and anti-Mullerian hormone confirms that finding. Our study suggests alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid methylation as the underlying mechanism of aberrant gene expression of cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily a member 1, anti-Mullerian hormone and anti- Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 and polycystic ovary syndrome pathogenesis.