The Link between Climate Change, Gender and Development in Africa

Background: Climate change is a threat to sustainable development in Africa. The continent is home to the world’s most susceptible populations, because of the sensitivity and fragility of its natural environment, and its high rate of dependence on environment-based livelihoods. Methods: This study examines how vulnerabilities to climate change are understood by climate change researchers, and how communities, particularly women whose livelihoods depend on environment-based activities, can be supported by governments and development partners to adapt. Main findings: A strong relationship exists between climate change and environment-based livelihoods, which, in turn, are closely linked to gender. The ten countries ranked most vulnerable to climate change are heavily dependent on agricultural activities, with women representing over 40% of the agricultural workforce. In fact, in 46 of Africa’s nations, women account for at least 40% of agricultural workers. Conclusions: Women, more than men, are exposed to environment-linked risks. The geography, environmental fragility and dependence on low-technology, rain-fed agriculture that make Africa vulnerable are at the heart of women’s livelihood. Poor women’s predominant role in agriculture and environment-related jobs heightens their risk; many are engaged in the informal sector, without the protection of formal labour market regulation. Recommendations: The study points to the need for data to develop policies to mitigate the impact of climate change. It emphasizes the need to use tools already available to National Statistical Systems, rather than collect new data, by ensuring gender sensitivity in survey instruments. National Statistical Systems have a role in making information on the human environment available to policy-makers, advocates and stakeholders.