Clinical features of fatal severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome that is complicated by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Abstract Introduction Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has been prevalent in parts of Asia during recent years. However, SFTS with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is rare, and it is important to understand its clinical features. Materials and methods Total four cases of SFTS with IPA are reviewed and detailing the disease progression, treatment options, and prognosis were summarized and analyzed. Results The patients with SFTS-associated IPA first presented with fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and multiple organ failure. After 1–2 weeks, the patients developed mild polypnea and wheezing rales, and quickly developed dyspnea and respiratory failure. Tracheal intubation was usually performed, but did not relieve the intractable airway spasm and pulmonary ventilation failure. Bronchoscopy confirmed that the antifungal treatment was ineffective and the aspergillosis had worsened. All patients died of type 2 respiratory failure caused by continued airway obstruction and spasticity. Conclusions Given the high mortality rate in this series, there is a need for increased awareness of SFTS-associated IPA. Additional examinations should be performed in these cases, and early-stage antifungal treatment with organ support may be helpful.