Combined Management of a Broncho-Artery Fistula Post-lung Transplantation

Abstract A 46-year-old female patient presented a massive endobronchial bleeding following dilation of a left bronchial anastomotic stenosis after lung transplantation (LT), consistent with a broncho-pulmonary artery fistula (BPAF). The BPAF was treated with a bronchial covered self-expandable metallic stent and percutaneous trans-catheter pulmonary artery stent placement. A BPAF is rare and leads to death in most cases due to massive hemoptysis. We describe a case of successful combined management of a BPAF using both bronchial and pulmonary stent placement.