Recent developments in the diagnosis of COVID-19 with micro- and nanosystems

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 (new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic virus has been creating devastating situations across the world and serious outbreaks have been encountering day by day since December 2019. Later, the second phase has been spread to all aged people with its moderate variants. Right from the beginning, many research groups and laboratories are desperately working for the proper solutions to eradicate the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In the year 2020 the vaccine was also developed for the COVID-19 virus from Bharat Biotech. According to the medical reports, the developed vaccine was working properly. Although in spite of having the proper results, again COVID-19 victims have been encountering every day in an uncontrolled manner. However, it has been quite interesting that currently many methodologies are available for the initial stage detection of the COVID-19 virus with accurate results. Among them, real-time polymerase chain reaction technique is gaining much attention in the research laboratories for the detection of this virus. Due to having a sophisticated procedure, a protocol for the sample preparation, and expensive instrumentation, this approach is still not available to everyone. On the other hand, nanotechnology-mediated methodologies are also providing excellent results compared to the conventional approach. Hence, in this chapter we have discussed and summarized nanotechnology-mediated recent developments, procedures, and protocols with possible working mechanisms. We believe that the provided information would be useful for the preparation of new ideas and insights to develop many innovations for the treatment and control of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.