生态流量约束下梯级水电站群补偿调度的模拟优化方法 Simulation-Based Optimization Method of Compensative Operation for Cascade Reservoirs Considering Ecological Flow Constraint

针对梯级水电站水库群发电与生态流量调控的协调问题，提出了梯级水电站群不完全补偿优化调度方法。在以梯级蓄能作为总出力决策依据、以时段末梯级蓄能最大为出力分配准则的优化调度规则基础上，建立了以梯级水电站群多年平均发电量最大为目标、以各河段生态流量为约束的长期优化调度模型。结合模拟和逐次逼近优化算法进行调度规则的优化，并通过寻求各长期调节水库最小出库流量的最佳组合来满足关键河段的生态流量需求。澜沧江梯级的应用实例表明所提出的方法能够在保证梯级发电效益的基础上，满足生态流量调控要求，发挥水电站水库综合利用效益。 Given coordination problems between power generation and ecological flow regulation, a limited compensative operation method of cascade reservoirs was proposed. In this paper, total power generation of cascade reservoirs was decided by cascade storage energy. On the basis of maximizing cascade storage energy, a long-term optimal operation model was developed with maximizing energy production as the objective function and ecological flow as a constraint. The simulation-based optimization algorithm was adopted to optimize operation rules. And the ecological flow constraint was satisfied by regulating minimum release of each reservoir. The Lancang River cascade reservoirs were used as case study. Simulation results show that the proposed method can meet the requirements of ecological flow and maximize comprehensive benefits with reliable generation benefits.