The Jacob Markowitz Awards: Introduction: Develop Methods of Intelligent Anticipation

Surgical research is in serious trouble. Economic reasoning favors clinical and quick-fix solutions over basic surgical investigation. Political ambitions, using animal welfare as a tool, turn the public opinion against experimental surgery.At the outset, let me express the privilege that I feel in being asked to present the first Jakob Markowitz Awardee of the Academy of Surgical Research.The Markowitz Award was established by the Academy of Surgical Research in 1986 to identify, honor, and promote outstanding contributions to medicine through the art, science, and technology of experimental surgery. The recipients of the 1987 Markowitz Award are Dr. Charles A. Hufnagel and Dr. William V. Lumb.