Facteurs de risque et causes de la prématurité au Centre Hospitalier Régional de Tsévié (Togo

Introduction: Selon l'Organisation Mondiale de la Sante, 12,9 millions d'enfants naissent prematurement, soit 9,6% de naissances. Les taux de prematurite sont plus eleves dans les pays en developpement. Elle constitue l'une des premieres causes de mortalite neonatale et est un probleme de sante publique. L'objectif de ce travail etait de decrire les facteurs de risque et les causes de la prematurite au Centre Hospitalier Regional de Tsevie. Materiel et methodes: Une etude retrospective a ete realisee de janvier 2016 a septembre 2016 a la maternite du centre hospitalier regional de Tsevie. Les cas qui etaient de 100 correspondaient aux accouchees dont l'âge gestationnel etait inferieur a 37 Semaines d’Amenorrhee. Les donnees ont ete recueillies a partir des registres d'admission et des dossiers. Il s'agissait de l'âge a l'admission, le terme de la grossesse, les caracteristiques sociodemographiques et obstetricales de leurs meres. L'analyse des donnees a ete faite avec le logiciel Epi info version 7.2.0.1 Resultats: 100 accouchements prematures ont ete enregistres sur 1212 accouchements soit une frequence de 8,25%. Nous avons identifie comme facteurs de risque maternels le celibat, le nombre de consultations prenatales < 3. Les pathologies maternelles influencant significativement la prematurite etaient le paludisme (15%), la pre eclampsie/eclampsie (11%), les ruptures prematuree et chorioamniotite (14% et 2%), les infections cervico-vaginales (8%) et la menace d'accouchement premature (7%). Chez 7% aucun facteur n’a ete identifie. Les grossesses multiples et les malformations congenitales etaient les facteurs de risque de prematurite lies au foetus. Conclusion: La frequence de la prematurite etait de 8,25%. Les facteurs de risque de la prematurite sont autant maternels que foetaux. Le celibat, le non suivi de la grossesse et les pathologies durant la grossesse etaient des facteurs maternels predisposant a la prematurite, alors que les grossesses multiples et les anomalies congenitales etaient les principaux facteurs foetaux predisposant. Mots cles: Causes ; Facteurs ; Accouchement ; Premature English Title:  Risk factors and causes of prematurity at the Tsevie Regional Hospital Center (Togo) English Abstract Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, 12.9 million children are born prematurely, or 9.6% of births. Prematurity rates are higher in developing countries. It is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality and is a public health problem. The objective of this work was to describe the risk factors and causes of prematurity at the Tsevie Regional Hospital Center. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from January 2016 to September 2016 at the maternity hospital of the Tsevie regional hospital. Cases that were 100 corresponded to women who had gestational age less than 37 Amenorrhea weeks. Data were collected from admissions records and records. These were the age at admission, the term of pregnancy, the socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of their mothers. The analysis of the data was done with the software Epi info version 7.2.0.1 Results: 100 premature deliveries were recorded in 1212 deliveries, or a frequency of 8.25%. Maternal risk factors were defined as celibacy, the number of prenatal consultations <3. Maternal diseases significantly influencing prematurity were malaria (15%), preeclampsia / eclampsia (11%), premature ruptures and chorioamnionitis (14 % And 2%), cervico-vaginal infections (8%) and the threat of premature delivery (7%). In 7% no factor was identified. Multiple pregnancies and congenital malformations were the risk factors for prematurity associated with the fetus. Conclusion: The frequency of prematurity was 8.25%. Risk factors for prematurity are both maternal and fetal. Pregnancy, non-pregnancy and pregnancy were maternal factors predisposing to prematurity, while multiple pregnancies and congenital abnormalities were the main predisposing fetal factors. Keywords: Causes; Factors; Childbirth; Premature