Low birthweight: country regional and global estimates.

Low birthweight has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as weight at birth of less than 2500 grams (5.5 pounds). This practical cut-off for international comparison is based on epidemiological observations that infants weighing less than 2500 g are approximately 20 times more likely to die than heavier babies. More common in developing than developed countries a birthweight below 2500 g contributes to a range of poor health outcomes. The goal of reducing low birthweight incidence by at least one third between 2000 and 2010 is one of the major goals in ‘A World Fit for Children’ the Declaration and Plan of Action adopted at the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Children in 2002. The reduction of low birthweight also forms an important contribution to the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) for reducing child mortality. Activities towards the achievement of the MDGs will need to ensure a healthy start in life for children by making certain that women commence pregnancy healthy and well nourished and go through pregnancy and childbirth safely. Low birthweight is therefore an important indicator for monitoring progress towards these internationally agreed-upon goals. (excerpt)