TURBULENT MIXED CONVECTION OF A NANOFLUID IN A HORIZONTAL CIRCULAR TUBE WITH NON-UNIFORM WALL HEAT FLUX USING A TWO-PHASE APPROACH

.... In the field of heat transfer, the main concern of the researchers was improving the thermal performance of the heat exchanger systems. For this purpose, various methods have been employed to enhance the heat transfer. These methods include passive and active procedures [1-8]. But the other way that extensive studies have been conducted in this field, is adding metal and nonmetal particles to the base fluid in the nanoscale size. Research studies have often focused on the particles such as Cu, Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, Fe3O4 and the base fluid such as water, ethylene glycol (EG), kerosene, and engine oil.