Trade in services and development: Policy percepction in Chile. (Comercio de servicios y desarrollo: Percepción de la política en Chile)

ResumenLa positiva relacion entre el comercio de servicios y el desarrollo de los paises ha sido senalada por diferentes gobiernos chilenos como una justificacion para incrementar las exportaciones de servicios a fin de alcanzar la diversificacion en su canasta y agregar valor a las exportaciones. Desde la primera decada del 2000, el Estado ha implementado una serie de programas y estrategias dirigidas a lograr este objetivo. Sin embargo, la matriz permanece anclada en los recursos naturales, particularmente el cobre. Aunque el comercio de servicios ha aumentado, no lo ha hecho como se esperaba. Por lo anterior, para este trabajo se entrevisto a expertos del sector publico, privado y academico, la sociedad civil y ONG para recabar su percepcion sobre las politicas de promocion de exportaciones de servicios implementadas en el periodo 1990-2014. Para una mejor comprension de los resultados, se distinguen tres niveles de analisis, en una jerarquia logica de mayor a menor grado: Nivel I: Consideraciones sobre doctrinas economicas y culturas corporativas. Nivel II: Consideraciones sobre la especificidad de la industria de servicios y consideraciones economicas. Nivel III: Consideraciones sobre politicas e instrumentos especificos. Algunas conclusiones y recomendaciones se presentan al final. AbstractTrade in services and its positive relation with countries’ development has been pointed out by different Chilean governments to improve services exports in order to reach diversification in its basket and add value to exports. Since the first decade of the 2000, the State has implemented a series of programs and strategies directed to achieve this objective. However, the matrix remains anchored in natural resources, particularly copper. Although trade in services has increased, it has not done so as expected. For this work several experts from the public, private and academic sector, civil society and NGOs were interviewed to collect their perception on policies that promoted services exports, implemented in the period 1990-2014. For a better understanding of the results, three overlapping levels are distinguished in a logical hierarchy from greater to lesser extent: Level I: Considerations on economic doctrines and corporate cultures. Level II: Considerations on the specificity of service industry and economic considerations. Level III: Considerations on specific policies and instruments. Some conclusions and recommendations are presented at the end.