Temperature controlled ionic liquid-based dispersive micro-extraction using two ligands, for determination of aluminium in scalp hair samples of Alzheimer’s patients: A multivariate study

Abstract A green and sensitive temperature controlled dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (TIL-DLLME) methodology based on the application of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [C 4 mim][PF 6 ], as an extractant solvent was proposed for the preconcentration of trace levels of aluminium (Al 3+ ) in scalp hair samples of Alzheimer’s (AD) patients, prior to analyzing by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The Al 3+ was complexed with 8-hydrooxyquinoline (oxine) (L 1 ) and 3,5,7,2′-4′ pentahydroxy flavone (morin) (L 2 ) separately and then extracted by IL at temperature (50 ± 2.0 °C). Some effective factors that influence the TIL-DLLME efficiency such as pH, ligands concentrations, volume of IL, ionic strength, and incubation time were investigated and optimized by multivariate analysis. In the optimum experimental conditions, the limit of detection (3 s) and enhancement factor were 0.56 μg L −1 , 0.64 μg L −1 and 85, 73 for both ligands, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for six replicate determinations of 100 μg L −1 Al 3+ complexed with oxine and morin were found to be 3.88% and 4.74%, respectively. The developed method was validated by the analysis of certified reference material of human hair (NCSZC81002).and applied satisfactorily to the determination of Al 3+ in acid digested scalp hair samples of AD patients and healthy controls. The resulted data shows significant higher level in scalp hair samples of AD male patients with related to referents of same age and socioeconomic status.